Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay Essay Example

Passionate, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay Example Passionate, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay Passionate, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay With regards to students. teacher’s works in discovering how to gain proficiency with an understudy with passionate and conduct upset. Physical disablements and Health Impairments. Horrendous Brain hurt. Hearing harms. what's more, Ocular harms is to cause a situation wherein all students to can encounter safe and can participate as well as could be expected. With regards to turn trip a positive obtaining condition for students who has disablements it tends to be an incredible test inside the schoolroom cause every understudy has their extremely ain requests. balanced and physical capacities. perceptual encounters and above all else securing habits which may change for every student. It is extremely of import to cognize the understudies requests and spot and nations obviously of study before learning a student in light of the fact that may show occupations for them. So as to make that a teacher most have some guidance plots that they can change so as to help gain proficiency with their understudy who have disablements where it can help place the students specific requests and it will offer plans for the educators to set inside an exercise program to learn and give all students an adjustment to accomplishment in larning. There are tonss of plans educators can use for outline. with regards to students with enthusiastic and conduct upsets may understudies may hold endowments or in any event, larning disablements in which occurrence can part from standpoints or even from rules of practices. Some guidance conspires that learning can use for an understudy with enthusiastic and conduct upsets are an educator request to work long haul advancements without envisioning quick and solid accomplishment from the student. try to uncover understudies with conduct upset to students who are non specific interest. Attempt to permit understudies to stroll around schoolroom and talk with the students about what they like or abhorrence helping find out about the student quality and neglecting to have the option to get down doing a lineation of an exercise program for them. Structure guidelines. a plan for the understudy. set up the space for understudies comfort for an increasingly conductive obtaining condition for the students to larn in. teachers need to arrangement understudies a way to other trade foundations approaches to chop down annihilation and furious by hypothetical record and capacity playing fitting conduct for them to see. 2010 McGraw Hill ) Most of import I think an educator and make other than is cause a chill topographic point inside the classification for the student to calm down one time they to become crushed or irate it can help design and reenforce legitimate conduct from the understudies one they have normal down which will help the teacher to keep up every other person se lf-control. Last they have to pass on with different educators and the understudy parent to keep up the line of imparting detached about the student guidance. There are tonss of various characters of understudies with enthusiastic and conduct irritated and a few delineations are battling and hitting. securing out of their sets. upseting others by yelling and talking boisterous. destructing things by tossing. make non like to follow requests and a few swearwords a group where cases some can non help it. Next there are Physical disablements and Health Impairments where understudy are non ready to larning simple without help. For delineation understudies with Physical disablements are the individuals who have are orthopedic harm in which at least one appendages are severely limited and there are the individuals who have wellbeing harm. 2010 McGraw Hill ) Some guidance plans for educators are to larn about specific gadgets or processs. help different understudies and adults comprehend and acknowledge genuinely impaired students and to keep up in head that a few students in wheelchairs have full usages of their authorities and others do non. The majority of import permit understudy to partake in all exercises like field trips. specific occasions. endeavors and do certain they have full course to the schoolroom and nil is blocked them in like them going down limited foyers and overwhelming entryways where they can non gain out. 2010 McGraw Hill ) Some highlights of Physical and wellbeing harms are Mobility issues. exhaustion. feeble musculus. going to commitment and Hypotonic-low musculus tone. As of late there is awful encephalon harmed ( TBI ) is a signifier of Acquired encephalon hurt. happens when an unexpected physical issue makes hurt the encephalon. TBI can follow when the caput out of nowhere and fiercely hits an article. or on the other hand when an article punctures the skull and enters encephalon tissue. 2013 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ) Some guidance plans for educators are chopped down interruptions in the student’s work nation like take overabundance pencils and books. Partition work into littler regions where the teacher have the understudy total one region at a clasp. Request that the student summarize data orally that has simply been introduced. Use signal words to alert the understudy to pay going to like â€Å"listen. † â€Å"look. † and all in all set up a gestural prompting framework by using oculus contact and contact to remind the understudy to pay joining in. 2000 TBI Challenge Vol. 4. No. 2 ) Some Fe atures of a person who has horrible encephalon harmed are concern. disarray. social or temper changes. furthermore, issue with memory. focus. joining in. or on the other hand accepting. A person with a mellow TBI may remain witting or may see lost cognizance for a couple of moments or proceedingss. 2013 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ) In choice what would i be able to make to encourage the confidence and self-government. what's more, elevate the self-promotion achievements. of students with passionate and social surprises. physical and health harms. what's more, horrendous encephalon hurt is to learn discernment and achievements to every student in other to go sense of self decided. Other than by set individual finishes for every student and make activities projects to achieve the closures every single twenty-four hours. Second Make great picks that re appropriated and that applies to the students everyday lives. At the point when it comes completely down to the main concern I will help my full understudy make scholastic progress. What should be possible to help customary understudies comprehend. respect. what's more, respond appropriately to students with disablements in a classification? I will post respect guidelines on my schoolroom dividers. entryway. indeed, even in the school lobbies. I will state different understudies non to categorize students that have disablements since it is non ideal to deride or badger understudies who are extraordinary and in the event that I do get them they will permit them cognize that is impolite. I will state them to demo respect to them and look to get to cognize them better before doing cheerfulness of the impair if that accomplish non work and they are non trying to comprehend understudy with disablements I will keep up doing sure that each student I go over so rudeness or even feel like they do non want to associate with one of the understudy I will just state them in a levelheadedness however decent voice â€Å"Try to stroll in their places for one time. †

Perform a rhetorical analysis of a work of your choosing Essay - 3

Play out an expository examination of a work based on your personal preference - Essay Example who plan on getting hitched to treasure their marriage instead of their big day, but a careless look of the article only gives the impression of a comic attempting to make the crowd giggle by relating an individual story. By utilizing casual language, fitting style, exclamatory sentences, sentence length, and convincing interests, Winchell has effectively passed on the message she looked to communicate: weddings are not relationships themselves; they are simply prefaces to what ought to really be given significance. April Winchell, by relating the encounters of her own wedding directly toward the start, spreads out her believability for composing a wedding related article. She was likewise a lady of the hour once thus she is able to expound on weddings and the sentiments of the ladies, the ladies to-be being the target group: perceiving how the name of the site where the article was distributed is brides.com, it is everything except normal to expect that the proposed target crowd is ladies to-be. Hence, there is no uncertainty that, logically, this article is sound with regards to ethos. Winchell typically falls back on casual language, turning to slang too now and again, as she isn't meaning to keep in touch with an academic crowd. Her intended interest group is comprised of individuals (or ladies) who originate from normal family units in America, and who are progressively open to utilizing slang or, at any rate, talking casually. In addition, the utilization of casual language by Winchell is very viable in that through its utilization Winchell has abstained from sounding too â€Å"preachy† despite the fact that the fundamental target of her article is to offer guidance. The style and tone of the piece falls off easygoing and loose, as Winchell has decided to write in vernacular, take this portion from the article, for instance, in which she is portraying her dress â€Å"I don’t review where I got the dress, however I’ll consistently have the memory of how butt-appalling it was.† It is exceptionally evident here that not exclusively is Winchell utilizing vernacular

Esssay on Causes of Cancer

Esssay on Causes of Cancer Causes of Cancer Dec 20, 2018 in Healthcare Introduction Cancer is a cell-related disease that forms the category of some of the dreaded terminal diseases. High mortality rates associated with cancer have pushed many researchers to shift attention to the probable causes of the disease. This is because the cost implications of treatment and management of cancer victims are very high. The disease harms the body of the patient as destroyed cells divide at a high speed and form lumps of tissues within the body. This paper explores some of the causes of cancer disease. Causes of Cancer and Reducing Your Risk Cancer has been attributed to genetic inheritances, diet, smoking, radiation, and sunlight and ultra-violet radiations among other causes (Bozzone, 2007). Researchers have established that cancer can be caused by genes when cells undergo high-speed growth resulting from DNA mutations (Bozzone, 2007; Jones, 1998). This, in turn, destroys the genes involved in cell division. Cancer can, therefore, be inherited if ones family members have certain cancerous genetic predispositions.

Causes of Suicide Essay - 1617 Words

Causes of Suicide *No Works Cited Suicide can best be described as the destructive act of voluntarily taking ones own life. Suicide often presents a real and often tragic puzzle to be solved by friends and family, and any other professionals who have been involved with someone who has committed suicide. To be able to definitively answer the question as to why an individual would commit such a deadly act seems to be a highly complex task. The victim himself or herself, is perhaps the least aware of the answer to this ninth leading cause of death. Scientists have discovered that the cause of this fatal behavior can be found both within and without the individual. Whether biological, sociological†¦show more content†¦Every year there are seven hundred seventy-five thousand suicide attempts in the United States. It is estimated that five million Americans have attempted suicide. For every male suicide attempt there are three female attempts. The majority of overdose attempts is unsuccessful and account fo r seventy percent of suicide attempts (SFSP: U.S. Suicide Statistics, 1996). It is estimated that for every suicide there is six survivors close to the victims that are affected. The statistics are stunning. How can we understand better why individuals would take their own life (McIntosh, 1997) The conclusion that suicide is closely related to psychiatric illness is what researchers have come up with. The three diagnoses with the highest risk are depression, alcoholism and schizophrenia. Seventy percent of suicides would have been diagnosed with major depression. Fifteen percent would have been diagnosed with alcoholism and four percent from schizophrenia. Researchers have used two methods to come up with these findings. The first one, the researchers find out what proportion of people who have committed suicide have been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness in their past. The second method of research involves what is called psychological autopsy. Psychological autopsy involves carefully questioning the family members and friends of the suicide victim. These questions are in reference to the individual state of mind, mood and behavior of the deceasedShow MoreRelatedSuicide And Suicide : The Causes Of Suicide745 Words   |  3 PagesSuicide is the act of intentiona lly taking one’s own life in an attempt to cope with stress or cry for help. Causes of suicide include mental disorders such as depression, exposure to other suicidal individuals, or domestic violence. Potential victims are oftentimes at a very unstable time in their lives and it makes it hard to distinguish thoughts of suicide from other thoughts, however, they generally show warning signs, which can be used to prevent the situation if treated correctly and in a timelyRead MoreSuicide : The Main Causes Of Suicide973 Words   |  4 PagesSuicide takes many loved ones away. Suicide causes despair in families and friends of the victim and causes them to feel at loss at times. It makes them feel like they had wronged the individual and that they are the reason that they have committed suicide. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United StatesRead MoreSuicide : The Main Causes Of Suicide967 Words   |  4 PagesSuicide takes a lot of loved ones away. They make the families and friends of the victim in despair and at loss at times. It makes them feel like they had wronged the individual and that they are the reason that they have committed suicide. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States, which proves that a lot of families have to go through this.Suicide affects the victims family and friends by making them feel guiltyRead MoreCauses Of Youth Suicide1316 Word s   |  6 PagesYouth Suicide Suicide can be described as a process which includes thoughts of death (killing one’s self), to the actual act of carrying out the suicide attempt. In the United States, suicide is the third leading cause of death among our young people (McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter, 2017). Approximately 16% of youth have thoughts of suicide, 13% will attempt to develop a plan, and 8% will actually carry out this plan every year (McWhirter et al, 2017). Every day, five young peopleRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Suicide1380 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Suicide We all love our family, friends and co-workers. The worst thing that could happened to them is to know that they want to commit suicide and know that you could prevent them from doing it. Even if it’s a suicidal thought that counts and someone should notice that. We can help them in a lot of ways just by doing really simple things like asking them questions about their day, how they felt and getting them to trust you. Also with this you are saving a life that felt that no one careRead MoreSuicide : Causes And Ways999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world dies because of suicide. Why is it that our society is so used to seeing people on the news, loose someone because they had completed suicide? Instead of promoting suicides, we should prevent it. In the field of psychology, where it’s the study of mind and behavior, I’ve decided to take a closer look on the current rates, main causes and ways to prevent suicides. Suicides are a result of depression or some kind of mental illness. Most people who complete suicide don’t necessarily want toRead MoreSuicide and the Leading Causes1076 Words   |  5 PagesSuicide is an epidemic that has always plagued society. The option to take your own life rather than face the reality of living and the world is an option that many people take each year. 38,364 suicides were reported in 2010 alone (Facts and Figures, 2014). That number made suicide the 10th leading cause of death in the United States (Facts and Figures, 2014). The staggering number of people committing suicide made me wonder what kind of genetic predisposition some people may have to carry out suchRead MoreThe Cause Death Of Suicide1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Never Ending Cause to Death. Have you ever lost a family or a friend to suicide? Many people and even I will answer this question with â€Å"yes.† The rate of death, caused by suicide, in the world is way too high. Scientist are relating most of these deaths to teens and retired army members. Every year suicide rates keep climbing. The world need to find a better solution to stopping or lower the rates of suicide. Suicide is a huge social issue that is effecting not only friends and family but,Read MoreSuicide : Cause And Effect2125 Words   |  9 PagesSuicide has been a critical worldwide issue over the course of many years, and continues to be one of, if not the most heated topics till today. Suicide rates are at the highest they have ever been and is believed to be the second leading cause of death midst the youth. Often, we underestimate the number of outcome caused by suicide, not by accidents or tragic health issues but by their own two hands. It is the decision an individual makes to end their own life, followed by an act that will resultRead MoreEssay on Causes of Suicide2158 Words   |  9 PagesCauses of Suicide This essay examines the reasons why a person of good physical health decides to terminate their own life. It does not consider euthanasia, assisted or forced suicide. Compared to most aspects of psychological health it is limited in scope for research – no â€Å"follow-up† can be performed, if the act is completed, and no ethical panel would approve experiments to demonstrate a causal link. Suicide has â€Å"no one single cause or stressor† according to the Lancet 2011. Before elaborating

religion in the colonies - 773 Words

Since the very first colony was founded in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia, religion played a very important role in America. Nine of the thirteen colonies had established churches. Having an established church meant you paid taxes for the support of that church whether or not you were a member. The colonies with official state or established churches of the Congregational (Puritan) church denomination consisted of Maine, Connecticut, and Vermont. Colonies that remained a part of the original Church of the England were Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and New York. John Calvin had a major influence on the English colonies in America. Calvin was a Frenchmen who broke from the Catholic Church†¦show more content†¦To Cotton, â€Å"the visible church had the task of educating the mass of believers in the spirit of the true religious ideal and the government [shall be] sovereign.†3 He felt that there should be one uniform religion, Puritan, and that God should be the only one to make rules for the Christian people. He believed that a democracy for the church would only make people more inferior to those who were apart of the government. As the colonies began to become less close to their European home front in England and the Church of England, many people began to stray away from the traditional Church of England and join and even create new dominations. So many changes took place in religion and politics that it emphasizes the fact that, â€Å"New England was rapidly moving from a state of homogenous Puritanism to heterogeneous colonialism.† 4 The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment played a huge part in the new society and government in theShow MoreRelatedSouthern Colonies Religion1355 Words   |  6 PagesSouthern Colonies Religion | Southern Colonies claimed to have religious freedom but that tended to be a superficial idea. In these colonies Anglican faith was the most predominate. Anglican included Presbyterian and Baptist. While Protestants were somewhat tolerated most were Anglican. They didn’t really consider Native Americans and slaves religion to be an actual religion. Several people tried to convert slaves and Native Americans to their religion. When slaves began to give in theyRead MoreReligion And The American Colonies2143 Words   |  9 Pagescolonization, the proliferation of various religions over the course of colonial history is quite extensive and, by proxy, its’ influence upon developing colonial societies was far-reaching. Because of the historical significance of many different religions throughout the colonies, it would also suggest that religious diversity was likely equally impactful in eliciting change. All of this leads this author to speculate about how much influence religion had upon colonial upheaval over time and whetherRead MoreSlavery And Religion : The English Colonies867 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery and Religion in the English Colonies Many English immigrants came to America to seek religious freedom and some to improve their economic conditions. The concept of how slavery, thought by many colonists to be an economic necessity, was shaped and came to be rationalized and justified through Christian religious beliefs, is very interesting. The first English colonists settled in the Massachusetts colonies for religious reasons; to escape religious persecution in England as in the caseRead MoreEconomics vs Religion American Colonies1043 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics over Religion Throughout history there have been two leading factors that lead a colony to success. These two factors are religion and economics or money. Which factor is more important? In my opinion, economics is more important because the colonists had many issues getting necessities, and if they had enough money for all that, their problems would all basically be gone. Economic stability and the success of the mercantile system made the establishment of the colonies in North AmericaRead MoreThe Great Awakening and its Impact on the Religion of the American Colonies623 Words   |  3 PagesReligion has been around since the discovery of America. Many European immigrants came to America to escape the traditions of the Church of England. The people wanted religious freedom. Most, however, tried to force their religious beliefs on the people who came to settle in their colonies creating a divide. It wasn’t until The Great Awakening, which started in the New England colonies, occurred t hat people rose up and revolted against the norms of religion and began to worship the way they wantedRead MoreThe New England Colonies And Southern Colonies994 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as the New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies. These colonies were established for many reasons to benefit the settlers who were coming from countries around the world. Most of their motives were similar, but others were very different. Specifically, the New England Colonies and the Southern were similar and different in many aspects concerning their religion, politics, and economics. The New England Colonies differed from the Southern colonies in their religious practicesRead MoreDifferences Between New England And Spanish Colonies951 Words   |  4 PagesThe New England and Spanish Colonies In a time when numerous countries were beginning to explore the new and exciting land of North America during the Age of Exploration, and groups of people from England and Spain were fleeing their home countries either for religious freedom or wealth, vast and civilized colonies began to form all throughout the New World. It is in this context that the colonies founded by the English and the Spanish began to develop and grow. There was a significant differenceRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Of The Spanish And New England Colonies1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe Spanish and New England Colonies In a time between 1492 and the 1700 the Spanish and the English started to colonize the New World with the Spaniards coming over first in 1492 after being approved by the Roman Catholic Church. The Spanish people started their colonization in present day Mexico, while the English colony of Massachusetts in 1630 by Puritans fleeing England due to persecution. It is in this context that there were two similarities and a differences from both European countries.Read MoreSocial Structure and Development in the Chesapeake and New England Colonies950 Words   |  4 PagesChesapeake and New England colonies were both settled by predominantly British immigrants. They founded the Chesapeake colonies such as Virginia in 1607 and Maryland in 1634 they founded the New England colonies such as Massachusetts in 1630, Connecticut in 1635, Rhode Island is 1636 and New Hampshire in 1639. Both the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies started as similar colonies but developed into differen t societies. The New England and Chesapeake colonies developed into two differentRead MoreNative Americans And The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagesfreedom of religion in the Mother Land. This made the New World a setting with a mixture of different religions that were persecuted in England. Each of the persecuted religious groups brought different cultures and as a result settled in different regions of the American continent Atlantic coast. These settlers were distributed through New England, the Carolinas, the Mid-Atlantic, and Chesapeake. Their differences in customs and terrain settled made for the success (or failure) of each colony. The first

The Kroger Company Free Essays

The Kroger Company is an Ohio based retailer and manufacturer of grocery products with over 2,000 retail outlets covering 24 states. There are ten Kroger Marketing Areas that report to Headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Michigan Kroger Marketing Area covers the State of Michigan with offices in Livonia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kroger Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Livonia office supports 83 retail stores in the state with local Marketing, Product Procurement, Personal Training, Merchandising, Market Research and Facility Engineering. The role of a Produce Buyer for Kroger requires many management skills. The Buyer has to depend on many different individuals to get product from the field to the hands of shoppers. The individuals the Produce Buyer deals with includes people inside Kroger and outside organizations such as growers, distributors, brokers, jobbers and trucking companies. The Produce Buyer†s responsibilities include procurement of product, pricing of product, shipping of product, retail-merchandising direction, forecasting and evaluating department performance. The Produce Buyer needs to examine multiple items to develop the plan for getting produce to the consumer. The first step is developing an Ad-plan to meet their sales and profit objectives. The design of an Ad-plan requires current knowledge of market conditions, competition checks, last year†s ad-plans, last year†s sales and movement reports, and sales meetings. Market conditions include product availability, seasonal products, quality of product, growing areas, and product and transportation cost. Analyzing the competition involves visiting competitors† stores and reviewing their advertisements from prior years. Reviewing Kroger†s previous year advertisements assists in developing a base for an effective Ad-plan. The use of sales and movement reports supplies performance of the Ad-plan implemented for the same time period last year. The sales meeting involves the gathering of all merchandising directors and local VP†s to coordinate the process of developing an overall Ad-plan for the Michigan Kroger Marketing Area. The Ad-plan meeting is used to make adjustments and corrections to achieve the sales goals and objectives for the entire organization. The Produce Buyer needs to make use of multiple forms of communication to perform their daily duties. The use of email and faxes are mechanisms to help facilitate the procurement process. Email is used to get market conditions from various parts of the country, transmit purchase orders, confirmation of orders, interoffice communication, store communication and vendor solicitations. Received faxes supply market conditions for the country, vendor solicitations, response to product recalls and survey orders. The phone is used to contact stores about quality problems, receive detailed feedback from brokers, make product orders, schedule meetings, and locate late deliveries. The two key organizing functions a Produce Buyer would use to achieve projected goals are developing Sales Plans and Department Layouts. The Sales Plan and Department Layouts provide stores with information on where and how to display products and gives them ordering guidelines. This information is used to determine what to buy and how much product should be purchased. The placement of product within a store has a direct effect on the amount of product that will be sold. Placing bananas on the end of a display piece will move better than if placed between apples and pears. The growing area would have a direct effect on the quality and appearance of the product that could result in an increase or a decrease in sales. If Florida†s strawberries lacked color, then the determination would be made to purchase from the colorful California variety to produce the needed sales. The process of establishing standards, goals and targets, measuring performance and identifying deviations for the Produce Buyer are the guidelines for a manager to insure plans are carried out or modified to achieve the organization†s strategy. The sales plan is set by the Produce Buyer as a tool for the store produce department manager to use as a guideline to reach the target goals for the buyer. The sales plan supplies the necessary merchandising standards for the stores to help maximize sales. These include special product handling, ordering specifications, fruit layout and cross merchandising tips. The buyer†s performance is gauged by monitoring product movement on a daily basis, by weekly sales reports that recap the previous week†s retail sales and profit and comparison of these figures to the set budget. The other gauge used is the shipment report to evaluate actual movement versus projected movement of the week. The sales plan requires adjustment when projected sales and profit are not met for the week. To compensate for not achieving the week†s targets the following week†s sales plan must be modified in an effort to meet the goals. The Buyer uses a budget as a control tool to set goals for sales, expenditures, and profits. At Kroger, the Buyer strives to achieve both a sales dollar goal and a profit percent goal. These goals are set up in four-week increments called periods. There are thirteen periods in a calendar year. The first step in the budgeting process is to develop a sales forecast and sales budget. In the Kroger organization, each of the ten Marketing Areas† controllers are given a budget by the Cincinnati corporate office for their division. The controller in turn requires that the Merchandising Director of each department submit a sales and rate for the entire year broken down by period. The directors need to consider economic conditions, competitors† actions, and seasonal fluctuations to ensure an accurate forecast. Once the Directors have completed their departmental budgets, they return them to the controller for their review. The controller will apply these budgets to the planned budget for the Marketing area and if needed, the Directors may be requested to fine tune their projections in a effort to meet the needs of the entire company. It is the ultimate responsibility of the controller to ensure the Marketing Area stays on the correct path to return the expected results. The Buyer uses the budget set by the Director of the department as a guideline in planning, organizing, and controlling procurement activities. An operating report is issued at the end of each period, which summarizes the sales, revenues, and expenses and compares actual results to projected budget. The Buyer uses the operating report as tool in measuring performance. The role of the Human Resources department at the Kroger company is staffing, compensation, performance, safety, training and development, and labor relations. Many of these functions can be applied to the role of a Produce Buyer in the organization. The job description for a Buyer is a collaborated effort between Human Resources and the Director of Produce Merchandising. The Human Resources Department acts as a filter in screening out applicants for the buying position who do not meet the minimum requirements of the position. Training programs and workshops are facilitated by Human Resource personnel and are focused on strengthening a Buyer†s professional and personal growth. A Buyer†s Performance Review is normally administered by the Director of Produce Merchandising and then a copy of the performance review and objectives is reviewed and filed in the Human Resources office. The information on the Performance review is use to determine the promotability of a Buyer. Key information related to promotability is highlighted on a Successive Planning Chart in the corporate Human Resources office in Cincinnati. The Planning Chart lists all management personnel in the company and is used to determine when an individual is ready to be promoted and to what position. This process is used when filling a vacant buyer†s position. A Kroger Buyer is faced with individual and group decision-making each day. Weather conditions, late truck arrivals, product quality, and product quantities can cause problems where a Buyer would need make a decision. In many of the cases, due to the highly perishable nature of the commodity, decisions need to be made quickly. How to cite The Kroger Company, Essay examples

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems Essays -

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems The construction of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems started in the middle 80's, at a prototype building level, and at the beginning of the 90's the first commercial systems appeared. The interest for the development of such systems stems from the need to cover the modeling deficiencies of their predecessors, that is the relational database management systems. They were intended to be used by applications that have to handle big and complex data such as Computer Aided Engineering, Computer Aided Design, and Office Information Systems. The area of the OODBMSs is characterized by three things. First, it lacks a common data model. There is no common data model although many proposals can be found in the literature. This is a more general problem of all the object-oriented systems not only the database management systems. Since the data model determines the database language of the system, which in turn determines the implementation of the system, we can understand that the differences between the various systems with different data models can be big and substantial. Second is the common theoretical framework. Although there is no standard object-oriented model, most object-oriented database systems that are operational or under development today share a set of fundamental object-oriented concepts. Therefore the implementation issues in OODBMSs that arise due to these concepts are universal. The third characteristic is that of experimental activity. Plenty of prototypes have been implemented and some ! of them became commercial products. There is really a need for applications to handle very complex data and that is why the interest of people in building such systems is so strong. Although there is no consensus on what an OODBMS is and which are the features that differentiate it from other systems, there has been a lot of effort for an agreement on defining the formal characteristics that can stand as the set of specification requirements for the construction of such a system. These should also be used as the set of features that one has to check in order to find out if a system is really an OODBMS. The features of the OODBMS can be divided as follows: * mandatory features: these are the features that one system should have in order to deserve the title OODBMS. * optional features: these are the features that if one system has, should be considered better than another that does not have them, provided that both have all the mandatory features. * open choices: these are features that a designer of a system can choose if and how to implement. They represent the degrees of freedom left to the system designers. An OODBMS should be a database management system and at the same time an object oriented system. The first characteristic is translated to the following features: persistence, concurrency, recovery, secondary storage management, and ad hoc query mechanisms. The second characteristic is translated to the following: composite objects, object-identity, encapsulation, inheritance overriding and late binding, extensibility, and computational completeness of the database language used. Composite objects can be built recursively from simpler ones by applying constructors to them. These simpler objects can be integers, characters, strings, booleans, and in general objects of types that all the programming languages possess. There are various constructors such as list, set, bag, array, tuple, etc. The minimal set of constructors that a system must have is: set (to represent unordered collections of real world objects), list (to represent ordered collections of real world objects), tuple (to represent properties of real world objects). A system that supports composite objects and therefore constructors for their building, should also support operators for the retrieval, insertion, and deletion of their component objects. That means that the database language should be extended in a way that these operators will be included. The identity of an object is what makes it different from all the other objects. This allows the objects to be independent of their values. Therefore the notion of identical objects is introduced: two objects are equal if they have the same values, but are identical if they have the same object identity. The fact that each object possesses an identity facilitates the handling of composite objects since it makes the common use of objects possible and it protects the consistency of the database. If a component object is changed, this change affects all the composite objects that reference it. Due to the object identity, there is no need for replicates, and that is how the consistency of the database is protected. The mechanism of encapsulation allows the hiding of the internal